HIV Replication 3D Medical Animation
It is a very excellent animation which explains the hiv replication very clearly.
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Regards,
Dr.Rufus
The Lyrics of this video is here
Targeting HIV replication
The replication of HIV 1 is a multi-stage process.
Each step is crucial to successful replication and is therefore a potential target of antiretroviral drugs.
Step one is the infection of a suitable host-cell, such as a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte.
Entry of HIV into the cell requires the presence of certain receptors on the cell surface, CD4 — receptors and co-receptors such as CCR5 or CXCR4.
These receptors interact with protein-complexes, which are embedded in the viral envelope.
These complexes are composed of two glycoproteins:
an extracellular gp 120 and
a transmembrane gp 41
When HIV approaches the target cell gp120 binds to the CD4-receptors. This process is termed attachment.
It promotes further binding to a co-receptor. Co-receptor binding results in a conformational change in gp120.
This allows gp41 to unfold and insert its hydrophobic terminus into the cell membrane.
Gp 41 then folds back on itself.
This draws the virus towards the cell and facilitates the fusion of their membranes.
The viral nucleocapsid enters the host cell and breaks open releasing two viral RNA-strands and 3 essential replication enzymes:
Integrase, Protease and Reverse Transcriptase.
Reverse Transcriptase begins the reverse transcription of viral RNA.
It has two catalytic domains:
The Ribonuclease-H active site
And the polymerase active site
Here single stranded viral RNA is transcribed into an RNA-DNA double helix. Ribonuclease- H breaks down the RNA.
The polymerase then completes the remaining DNA-strand to form a DNA — double helix.
Now Integrase goes into action.
It cleaves a dinucleotide from each 3-prime end of the DNA creating two sticky ends.
Integrase then transfers the DNA into the cell nucleus and facilitates its integration into the host cell genome.
The host cell genome now contains the genetic information of HIV.
Activation of the cell induces transcription of proviral DNA into messenger RNA.
The viral messenger RNA migrates into the cytoplasm where building blocks for a new virus are synthesised.
Some of them have to be processed by the viral protease.
Protease cleaves longer proteins into smaller core proteins.
This step is crucial to create an infectious virus.
Two viral RNA-strands and the replication enzymes then come together and core proteins assemble around them forming the capsid.
This immature particle leaves the cell acquiring a new envelope of host and viral proteins.
The virus matures and becomes ready to infect other cells.
HIV replicates billions of times per day destroying the hosts` immune cells and eventually causing disease progression.
Drugs which interfere with the key steps of viral replication can stop this fatal process.
Entry into the host cell can be blocked by fusion inhibitors for example.
Inhibition of reverse transcriptase by nucleoside inhibitors or by non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase- inhibitors is part of standard antiretroviral regimens.
The action of Integrase can be blocked.
Protease inhibitors are also part of standard antiretroviral therapy.
Each blocked step in viral replication is a step towards better control of HIV disease.
Script, Storyboard, Art Direction by: Frank Schauder, MD
Animation: MACKEVISION
Publicity: Dr.Rufus Rajadurai.MD.,D.DENS.,
Duration : 0:5:13
You once said that …
You once said that your uncles have HIV but not aids. We had this argument months ago.
What are you even …
What are you even talking about? My uncle????
Ok, this discussion …
Ok, this discussion is over. I tried to explain to you but you are not opened to learn. I hope your uncle is ok.
Watch the video and …
Watch the video and learn – read all the scientific evidence. If you think differently than all the proof, then it is up to you to tell ME how you think it develops
Please explain to …
Please explain to me then how AIDS develops.
You are a molecular …
You are a molecular biologist??? Then you would know that HIV DOES NOT have an incubation period. You obviously are the one who doesnt know what you are talking about
Me a low life?? …
Me a low life?? YOu are the one who suggested a BIG PHARMA conspiracy. Don’t go back on your words
Hahaha, your …
Hahaha, your reaction just shows what a low life type of person you are.
1. You suggested some kind of conspiracy, not me!
2. You suggested that some kind of deity will cure anything, not me!
If you would know anything about life in general and economics and human behaviour in particular you wouldn’t suggest such stupid things.
So there is no point to discuss any issue with people like you. I hope reality will teach you a lesson once in a while!
People: if you …
People: if you don’t know what you are talking about, stop sending me messages saying that I don’t anything. I am a molecular biologist, my career is about studying diseases and research.
And by the way – if …
And by the way – if you really think all doctors and scientists are in some kind of ‘conspiracy’, how do you explain the cures for the many illnesses and diseases we have? They could just bring out drugs to control it right
?
I think you are the …
I think you are the one that needs to get a life. What do you think it will be cured by? An all powerful god that you cannot prove exists?
Dream on!!!
I …
Dream on!!!
I assume you are one of those who believe HIV/Aids will be cured by magic chemicals from the “charitable” BIG PHARMA. The same as with the avian flu.
Your channel description speaks for itself!
ILMFAO
Get a life!
@CoolestPerson or …
@CoolestPerson or whatever you call yourself to give your life some merit. I’m sure that your mum and dad are real proud of you for being such a tough man on the internet, but we don’t care. Take your stupid insults back to your trailer.
@danben72 – our …
@danben72 – our World has only become f**ked up because of stupid conspiracy theories like yours
@260191894 – the …
@260191894 – the HIV virus does NOT have an incubation period. Spreading information like this is totally dangerous. Stop commenting if you don’t know the facts, you could harm someone.
@bkolaa – HIV is in …
@bkolaa – HIV is in your DNA – you cannot have a DNA transplant!
hailo666 – where …
hailo666 – where are you even getting this information from? It makes me laugh how far right christians think that they are right based on something they cannot prove (there is no proof god exists) – and yet scientists are the ones that are wrong? Even though they have scientific evidence?
No that is not …
No that is not correct. A person who has HIV and has a good response to medication can continue to be infected with HIV and not progress to AIDS. AIDS is the syndrome where your immune system is destroyed to the point where you can get an opportunist infection
AIDS is not always …
AIDS is not always the end result. AIDS is a possibe end result if the infection progresses
And can you imagine …
And can you imagine how much money would be lost if a cure was found, HIV patients not buying the ”cocktail” which is ridiculously expensive. A cure is a cure, which means no more cash from dying people.
It’s sick, but thats the jist of the theory.
Pharma conspiracy …
Pharma conspiracy theories are ridiculous, in my opinion.
Can you imagine the sheer publicity and fame that a company would get if they became known as the company that “cured AIDS?”
I love Free movies. …
I love Free movies. I download the latest movies on boxofficemovies==org. Don’t know how they do it
Thanks for the …
Thanks for the great info! boxofficemovies(=)org has movies in theaters…Free
That is what I call …
That is what I call technology!!!
Man this video …
Man this video helped me understand this process, it taken all day for my genetics teacher to explain it!